Keywords
scanning probe microscopies
surface science
on-surface synthesis
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Abstract
The development of scanning probe microscopes has made possible to observe individual atoms and molecules, even allowing the visualization of chemical bonds. This has given rise to the emergence of on-surface covalent synthesis, a discipline that combines chemistry and physics to construct nanostructures with atomic precision, under very special conditions of ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and two-dimensional confinement. This review introduces this chemical strategy, the local probe microscopy techniques that enable un-precedented resolution, and summarizes its general concepts, such as the design of initial molecular precursors and their subsequent temperature-induced chemical activation on surfaces. In addition, a catalog of representative reactions is presented, and the possibility of moving from these new nanomaterials to functional devices is discussed, together with the main challenges of integration and stability, and future perspectives.
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