Vol. 113 No. 4 (2017)

Frustrated Lewis Pair chemistry has experienced an exponential growth during the last decade, in part due to its high potential in catalysis. However, FLP-mediated catalysis seems to be limited to a reduced number of transformations, which can be attributed to the reluctance of their constituent main group elements to mediate most fundamental elementary reactions. On the contrary, FLP systems based on transition metals appear as a nascent area of chemistry that could overcome those limitations offering great advantages for catalysis.

Traditionally, transition metal catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions have been developed using pre-made organometallic reagents. These procedures are inherently limited to the availability and reactivity profiles of the reagent itself and entail the formation of a stoichiometric amount of inorganic salt as a reaction by-product. One of the major challenges in modern synthetic chemistry is the development of sustainable and atom-efficient C-C bond forming reactions. In this context, catalytic transformations using simple and abundant organic materials as latent organometallic equivalents under cooperative bimetallic catalysis provide more efficient and operationally simpler processes than when stoichiometric quantities of sensitive intermediates are required.

Keywords: C-C bond formation, cooperative catalysis, copper, palladium, unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Resumen: El control por parte de las autoridades de la compra de BMK y PMK, ha llevado a la aparición de nuevos productos, utilizados como pre-precursores, para la síntesis de anfetaminas en Europa. En este artículo se muestran los nuevos caminos en la obtención de los principales precursores en la síntesis de anfetamina, metanfetamina y MDMA.
Palabras clave: APAAN, glicidato de PMK, P2P, anfetamina, MDMA.
Abstract: The control authority of the BMK and PMK purchase, has resulted in the emergence of new products used as pre-precursors for amphetamine synthesis in Europe. This article shows the new paths to obtaining the main precursor in amphetamine synthesis.
Keywords: APAAN, PMK glicidate, P2P, amphetamine, MDMA.

: On the occasion of the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Silent Spring in 2012, several papers went through the book content and the controversy around it. In this work, these publications on Environmental History have been analysed. Our interest has been focused not only on the environmental problems arising from the misuse of DDT but also the controversies generated due to its misuse and the publication of the book itself. Nowadays, these controversies remain open.

In this study, it is discussed a problem that deals with the disturbance of a chemical equilibrium mixture. This problem corresponds to the last chemistry exam to access university. It is analysed the possible deficiencies in the statements of the related problems, particularly when checking if they control the variables involved. In this respect, we examine the difficulties that are associated to the capacity to make accurate predictions corresponding to the changes the equilibrium mixture experiences in different situations. This analysis allows to establish some recommendations on the particular cases where it should be appropriate to assess this issue in a pre-university level of Chemistry.

Keywords: control of the variables involved, chemical equilibrium, Le Châtelier’s principle, reaction quotient, concentration