Vol. 115 No. 1 (2019)

The plasma membrane protects the cell from the entry of bioactive hydrophilic macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, antibiotics, etc. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are small peptides (< 20 amino acids), commonly positively charged, which can cross the cell membrane and deliver different cargos. CPPs can be used for the intracellular delivery of different macromolecules such as nucleotides, polymers, nanoparticles, liposomes and proteins. However, CPPs still present limitations related with cell selectivity, endosomal escape and cytotoxicity. It is thus essential to continue the study of CPPs for the delivery and the treatment of diseases with the next generation of therapeutic agents.

In the October-December 2005 issue of Anales de Química (pages 51-53),^[1] Castells introduces the notion of acidity and geometric basicity. In this work he tries to explain the results obtained by Luecke in 1999 on bacteriorhodopsin.^[2]

In the decade of the 60’s of the last century and in line with the second wave of the feminism, the firsts studies based on science and gender appeared. These studies include several approaches which correlate the women presence on science, as scientists or as biologically or psychologically subjects to study, revealing a noticeable inequality between men and women from any approach. The study and the repercussion of this inequality have stablished a research field known as science and gender, whose analysis are becoming more influent in the science and teaching world.

Keywords: Science and Gender; Invisibility; Naturalization, Barriers.