Vol. 116 No. 2 (2020)

The encapsulation of bioactive compounds is of growing interest in the food industry, in order to develop functional foods, particularly probiotics, vitamins, fatty acids, etc, as well as in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, for the controlled delivery of drugs, such as antioxidants. Several encapsulation techniques have been developed that allow to protect the active principle from degradation, to control its release over time and / or to mask the odor or taste of the bioactive ingredient. In this work, a review of encapsulation using different types of emulsions is reported. Emulsions have been successfully used to encapsulate bioactive compounds, their preparation and characterization is described, and some examples of their main applications are presented.

Keywords: Emulsiones, ncapsulación, Biocompuestos, Emulsiones dobles.

Resumen: Debido al calentamiento global, la sociedad ha centrado su atención en el incremento de dióxido de carbono en la atmósfera como el principal gas de efecto invernadero responsable del cambio climático, principalmente por actividades antropogénicas y particularmente por la combustión de materiales fósiles. Sin embargo, hasta cierto límite la presencia del dióxido de carbono en la atmósfera es necesaria para mantener la temperatura óptima del planeta y es la materia prima de las plantas verdes para realizar la fotosíntesis que produce el oxígeno necesario para la supervivencia de la humanidad, entonces ¿es el dióxido de carbono perverso o un benefactor?
Palabras clave: Dióxido de carbono, fotosíntesis, efecto invernadero, emisiones antropogénicas, utilización de CO2.
Abstract: Due to global warming, society has focused its attention on increasing analyze the production of carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change, mainly due to anthropogenic activities and fossil fuel combustion. However, to a certain extent the presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is necessary to maintain the optimal temperature of the planet and is the raw material of green plants to carry out the process of photosynthesis which produces the oxygen necessary for the survival of humanity then, is carbon dioxide a villain or a benefactor?
Keywords: Carbon dioxide, photosynthesis, greenhouse effect, anthropogenic emissions, CO2 utilization.

Resumen: El objeto del presente trabajo es introducir los conceptos de ácido y base, pH e indicadores, a los alumnos de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria, a partir del estudio de sustancias naturales que puedan servir para preparar sustancias indicadoras del pH y que se puedan encontrar fácilmente en nuestra vida cotidiana (en el supermercado, en el campo, en el jardín). Los alumnos a su vez se familiarizarán con el trabajo del laboratorio y, posteriormente, deberán desarrollar el trabajo por escrito y elaborar sus propias conclusiones.
Palabras clave: ácido-base, pH, indicadores, sustancias indicadoras de origen natural, antocianinas.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts of acid and base, pH and indicators, to high school students from the study of natural substances that can be used to prepare pH indicator substances, and that we can easily find in our everyday life (in the supermarket, in the countryside, in the garden). Students will learn to work in a laboratory too, and after that, they must write a wide account of their task, including their own conclusions.
Keywords: acid-base, pH, pH indicators, natural substances as pH indicators, anthocyanins.